Waterfront properties are often seen as the ultimate real estate dream, offering stunning views, direct water access, and a lifestyle that captivates many. However, buying such a property involves unique considerations not typically encountered when purchasing a standard home or land.
Prospective buyers should be mindful of factors like flood risk, which can impact insurance costs and resale value. Understanding the rights and responsibilities of waterfront ownership is also crucial, including shoreline maintenance and access rights to public waters.
Evaluating the structural integrity of a property exposed to constant moisture and potentially harsh weather is essential. Conducting due diligence, such as thorough inspections and knowledge of local zoning laws, ensures your waterfront property remains a tranquil retreat rather than presenting unforeseen challenges.
Understand Shoreline Permits for Waterfront Property
It's essential to distinguish between different types of water-related properties. A waterfront property is directly on the water, while a property with water views simply offers a view of the water. Water access means you can reach the water from your property or a shared community area.
If a property has water privileges, it neither fronts the water nor offers views, but allows access to the water via a community property or an easement. This means you can enjoy a beach or dock even if your home isn't directly on or overlooking the water.
When it comes to waterfront enhancements like docks and boathouses, these often fall under a complex set of regulations. Failing to understand these rules can lead to costly mistakes. Homeowners planning to build, renovate, or repair structures extending into the water typically need to obtain a permit.
In highly regulated zones, obtaining this permit necessitates navigating through a series of approval layers, including local city guidelines, county waterfront plans, state regulations, and even the mandates of the Army Corps of Engineers at the federal level.
If there are existing structures on the property, make sure that those structures are permitted correctly. Never assume that they're legally constructed or that you'll automatically be allowed to use them.
Check that any existing structures can be repaired, as there are typically many rules and regulations surrounding how you can repair waterfront features.
Constructing new structures, such as docks or boathouses, usually has strict permitting guidelines. Before purchasing a waterfront property that you'd like to build on, be sure to evaluate whether or not this is allowed.
Bulkheads and Seawalls
For safety, inspect the seawall or bulkhead on any oceanfront property, as these structures protect against damage. They may consist of stones, logs, or concrete, and consulting a specialist is essential before purchase. Be aware that constructing or repairing bulkheads may be limited by regulations.
Assess shoreline defenses and check for shoreline recession. Erosion may require new materials, and such enhancements must comply with various regulations. Research local geological surveys and consider neighbor input for necessary measures.
Water and Sewer
Some waterfront property owners irrigate their properties directly from a lake. Others are restricted from it. Some waterfront homes are connected to a city sewer system. Others have on-site sewage systems, and some properties don't have sewage systems at all.
If you own a waterfront property with an on-site septic system, understanding its condition is crucial. Equally important is understanding the regulations surrounding its repair and upgrade. Depending on local laws, enhancing a septic system can be a significant financial undertaking due to the requirements for newer materials.
Given the potential environmental impact of a sewage system on waterfront locales, there are unique regulatory considerations. Moreover, the positioning and size of your septic drain field might necessitate relocation based on its current placement on your property.
Waterfront Property Condition and Weathering of Structures
The durability of materials used in waterfront homes greatly depends on their location. Saltwater locations experience accelerated degradation due to saltwater exposure. This harsh environment causes siding, roofs, and fences to deteriorate much quicker than those in inland areas.
Properties near freshwater sources are not spared from the elements. The action of wind, waves, and storms on homes situated by lakes or rivers necessitates frequent maintenance and replacement of materials. In contrast to homes well away from the water's edge, those on the waterfront demand more vigilant care to withstand the relentless wear and tear of their natural surroundings.
Flood Risk and Flood Insurance for Waterfront Property
Is your waterfront property in a flood zone? Do you have flood insurance in case of a flood? Flood damage is not typically covered by a homeowners insurance policy. Flood insurance is available through the federal government’s National Flood Insurance program, and you can find out what your flood risk is by getting a free property report from LandGate! You can also assess your property's environmental risk for various events:
Waterfront properties have great susceptibility to weather-related issues from high tides, tsunamis, and swells that can cause floods and damage homes, neighborhoods, and sometimes even entire cities. Similarly, rivers can swell and swamp lowland areas. It’s important to be fully aware of the potential of negative flood-related issues that can arise on waterfront property and assess your need for flood insurance.
Water Access
Owning a waterfront property doesn't necessarily mean that you'll be able to use the water or lease the property for recreational activities. It’s important to do a water analysis test to ensure that it is safe for swimming and any other water activities.
Depending on your plans for the waterfront property, it is important to evaluate if/ where fishing is allowed, if boats are restricted, if there are restricted hours for watercraft use, and if the waterfront is shared with other property owners. You can find many of these answers in the local community by utilizing local websites, news, community centers, or simply talking to the neighbors.
How to Buy a Waterfront Property
When purchasing any type of property, it is recommended to consult with a local real estate agent who is experienced in waterfront properties. Purchasing waterfront properties comes with many unique considerations and stipulations that a real estate agent can help you manage to ensure that you are investing in a property that fits your wants and needs.
Interested in purchasing a waterfront property? LandGate's open marketplace hosts waterfront properties for sale across the country. Viewing listings is free, and each listing is enhanced with LandGate's proprietary property data to help you conduct due diligence and start your search in the most effective way possible.
FAQs for Prospective Waterfront Property Buyers
Q: What are the key considerations when buying a waterfront property?
A: Key considerations include evaluating flood risk, understanding shoreline regulations, assessing structural integrity, and determining water access rights.
Q: How can I ensure my waterfront property is safe from flooding?
A: Investigate flood zones, invest in flood insurance, and inspect existing flood defenses like seawalls or bulkheads.
Q: What should I know about shoreline permits?
A: Shoreline permits may be required for constructing or repairing docks and other structures. Research local, state, and federal regulations to comply with all requirements.
